How Washington's Toxics in Firefighting Law Impacts PFAS Contamination
PFAS contamination, especially from firefighting foam known as AFFF (Aqueous Film-Forming Foam), is a pretty big threat to public health and the environment. In Washington State, new legislative measures, including the Toxics in Firefighting law, aim to tackle this issue. So, what does this mean for PFAS contamination, the safety of firefighting foam, and the health of firefighters and communities? Let's dive in.
What Are PFAS and Why Should We Be Concerned?
PFAS, or per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, are synthetic chemicals famous for their resistance to heat, oil, stains, grease, and water. And that's concerning. Their persistence in the environment and potential health risks have raised alarms. Often called "forever chemicals," PFAS don't degrade easily, leading to widespread contamination in water sources. Health experts have linked PFAS exposure to various health issues, including cancers, reproductive problems, and immune system toxicity. (Which, honestly, is pretty alarming.)
How Does AFFF Lead to PFAS Contamination?
AFFF is a firefighting foam used to put out fires involving flammable liquids like oil and gasoline. PFAS are present in AFFF because they effectively create a film that suppresses fire by cutting off oxygen. But here's the catch: using AFFF can release PFAS into the environment, contaminating groundwater and drinking water. This is a significant concern in Washington, where AFFF is suspected of contributing to PFAS in the state's water supply.
What Actions Has Washington Taken to Address AFFF-Related PFAS Contamination?
To combat PFAS risks, Washington State enacted the Toxics in Firefighting law in 2018. This law restricts the sale, manufacture, and use of AFFF for fire training. Plus, the state launched an AFFF collection and disposal program to help fire departments safely remove and dispose of existing AFFF stockpiles, offering a no-cost solution to prevent further environmental contamination.
What Should Firefighters and Communities Know About PFAS Exposure?
Firefighters and community members need to be aware of the potential exposure risks associated with PFAS. While AFFF is still allowed for emergency fire suppression, understanding and minimizing exposure is crucial. Firefighters who regularly interact with AFFF should consider PFAS testing and health monitoring. Meanwhile, communities should stay informed about local water quality and any PFAS contamination advisories.
How Do Current Regulations Affect This Situation?
Washington's regulations demonstrate a proactive approach to reducing PFAS exposure risks. Although AFFF use for training is banned, it can still be used in actual fire emergencies until a suitable alternative is found. Nationwide, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) continues to evaluate PFAS regulations. As of 2025, the EPA is expected to enforce stricter guidelines on PFAS management and cleanup. Residents in affected areas should closely follow state and federal advisories. (Understandably, this is a big deal.)
What Resources Are Available for Those Affected?
Washington offers various resources for individuals impacted by PFAS contamination. The state's Department of Ecology provides guidance on reducing exposure and information on the AFFF collection and disposal program. Additionally, individuals concerned about PFAS exposure can access health resources through local health departments, including testing and monitoring services.
How Can People Protect Themselves and Their Families?
To minimize PFAS exposure, community members can take the following steps:
- Stay informed about local water quality reports and any PFAS advisories.
- Use water filters certified to reduce PFAS levels in drinking water.
- Limit the use of products known to contain PFAS, such as certain non-stick cookware and water-repellent clothing.
- Encourage local authorities to provide regular updates and resources on PFAS contamination and safety measures.
Washington's legislative and environmental efforts represent a significant step toward addressing the challenges posed by PFAS contamination from firefighting foam. By understanding the risks and taking proactive measures, both firefighters and communities can better protect their health and the environment. By 2024, the EPA intends to finalize enforceable drinking-water limits for several PFAS and to list PFOA and PFOS as hazardous substances under CERCLA, measures that will tighten PFAS management and cleanup requirements.
Washington’s Toxics in Firefighting Act already bans PFAS-based AFFF for training and, following 2023 amendments (SB 5144), will phase out almost all sales and use of PFAS foam statewide by 2026.
